TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL USES AND THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA LINN


TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL USES AND THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA LINN

Herbalism has a long tradition of use outside of conventional medicine. It is becoming more mainstream as improvements in analysis. According to earlier saying the bitterness in fruits and vegetables are the sign of medicinal enrichment.
Some of the following proved facts of medicinal and therapeutic properties of Momordica charantia
1.    Momordica charantia (Bitter melon), a climbing vine whose leaves and green fruits, although bitter, has been used to fight cancer diabetes and many infectious diseases. It is also a powerful weapon against HIV/AIDS1
2.    Roots are useful in treatment of eye related diseases. The fruit is bitter, cooling, digestible, laxative, antipyretic, anthelmintic, appetizer, cures biliousness, blood diseases, anaemia, urinary discharges, asthma, ulcers, bronchitis etc.2
3.    Fruit is very bitter, carminative, tonic, stomachic, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, astringent to bowels and useful in treatment of syphilis, rheumatism, spleen troubles etc.3
4.    Regular use of bitter gourd juice boosts body stamina and prevents chronic fatigue. The beta-carotene content in bitter gourd helps in controlling eye disorders and enhances eyesight.4


References
1. K.P.Sampath Kumar1 ,Debjit Bhowmik2
(1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Coimbatore medical college, Coimbatore, TN, India.
2. Karpagam University, Coimbatore, TN, India.)
2. Ayurveda
(Ancient Indian Medical System)
3. Unani Medical System
4. Leatherdale BA, Panesar RK, Singh G, et al.
Improvement in glucose tolerance due
to Momordica charantia (karela). Br Med J (Clin Res
Ed). 1981;282:1823-1824.












Antibacterial activity of Momordica charantia

Bacteria play important roles in our life. Most of the bacteria help us in surviving, i.e. bacteria present in our intestine help in digesting food. But some bacteria also harm us many ways, so to prevent them from harming us there is drug and medicine called Anti-bacterial.
In this part we will study the antibacterial properties of Momordica charantia Linn.

1.    The phytochemical prospection of the fresh and dried leaves extracts showed the presence of different classes of secondary metabolites, as flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins that have demonstrated antimicrobial action. Fresh and dried leaves presented significantly anti-microbial activity against all bacterial strains tested, especially Escherichia coli. Ethyl acetate fractions were effective against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. The modulatory activity was significative too.1
2.    According to Omoregbe  et.al (1996) aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of M. charantia leaves presented antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenterae, Streptomyces griseus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.2
3.    Prabakar and Jebanesan (2004) have shown that the leaves methanolic extracts were effective against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae.3
4.    The chemical prospection of M. charantia fresh leaves extracts and fractions have indicated the presence of various secondary metabolites classes that are known to present different therapeutic applications, for example, tannins (antimicrobial, antiviral, moluscicidal and anti-tumoral), flavonoids (anti carcinogenic, antiviral, antihemorrhagic and antioxidant).4

References
1.      José Galberto M. Costa1*, Eidla M. M. Nascimento1, Adriana R. Campos2 and Fabiola F. G. Rodrigues1  
(   1.Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz 1161, Pimenta, 63105-000 Crato-CE, Brasil
2.Vice-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade de Fortaleza, Av. Washington Soares 1321, Edson Queiroz, 60811-905,Fortaleza-CE, Brasil)

2.    Omoregbe RE, Ikuebe OM, Ihimire IG. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants extracts on Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1996; 25:373-5
3.    Prabakar K, Jebanesan A. Larvicidal efficacy of some Cucurbitacious plant leaf extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Biores Technol. 2004; 95:113-4.
4.    Scalbert, A. Antimicrobial properties of tannins. Phytochemistry  1991; 30:3875-3883.






Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Momordica Charantia
Inflammation is the type of disorder in which a body or part of body become swollen, reddened, painful etc. To prevent or treat it we use drug and medicine called anti-inflammatory. Here we will study the anti-inflammatory properties of Momordica charantia .
1.    Wild bitter gourd in diets promoted lipid metabolism, reducing fat accumulation, and improving low blood glucose in sepsis. Addition of wild bitter gourd can reduce inflammation biochemical markers or indicators and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body, hence improving the inflammation responses in mice with sepsis.1 
 
2.    Wild bitter gourd in diets facilitates lipid metabolism, reducing blood lipid concentration and body weight. Group H shows most significant results. Adding wild bitter gourd to diets of sepsis-induced mice reduced expression of proteins COX-2, iNOS, and NF.B, all associated with inflammation. It reduced secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other substances, hence improved the inflammation responses in sepsis mice. Its numerous health benefits include reducing blood lipids, improving blood glucose, and combating inflammation. In the future, with active ingredients purified, isolated, and identified, this common crop can be used clinically as nutritional supplement to improve acute endotoxin induced septicemia.1(conclusion)

3.    Its anti-inflammation property is thus linked to categorization as a “cooling food” in traditional/folk medicine.2

References
1.    Che-Yi Chao 1,*, Ping-Jyun Sung 2,3, Wei-Hsien Wang 3,4 and Yueh-Hsiung Kuo 5,6,*
( 1. Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan       2. Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan;                                                    3. National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan                                        4. Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan                                                                                                                                                                 5. Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan                                                                                                                     6. Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan)
2.    Hsu, C.; Tsai, T.H.; Li, Y.Y.; Wu, W.H.; Huang, C.J.; Tsai, P.J. Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) extract and its bioactive components suppres  Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation. Food Chem. 2012, 135, 976–984.












Anti-cancer Properties of Momordica charantia Linn

The study of cancer is called oncology. Cancer is the leading cause of death in today’s world.
In this part we will study the effect of Momordica charantia as anti-cancer properties in human having lung cancer.
1.    M. charantia, which has been popularly used among cancer and diabetic researchers. Commonly known by the locals as either bitter gourd or bitter melon, it is being described as the food of medicine.1
2.    Cisplatin had a better potency compared to the extracts in inducing apoptosis. As cisplatin is the standard drug for non-small cell lung cancer, it induces apoptosis by increasing the ROS via the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The antiproliferative effects of CHA in A549 cells were associated with mitochondria disruption, and induction of apoptosis by increasing ROS and caspase-3/7 .CHA is an effective natural product for the treatment of lung cancer through the activation of ROS-mediated mitochondria injury.2(conclusion)


References
1.    E. Middleton, C. Kandaswami, and T. C. Theoharides, “The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer,” Pharmacological Reviews, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 673–751, 2000.
2.    Siroshini Thiagarajan ,1 Daryl J. Arapoc,2 Nurul Husna Shafie,3 Yong Yoke Keong ,1 Hasnah Bahari ,1 Zainah Adam ,2 and Thandar Ei 1
1.               Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,





 Serdang,Selangor, Malaysia 
3.               Malaysian Nuclear Agency,



 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
4.               Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,





 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia



















Analgesic and antipyretic activities of Momordica
charantia Linn. Fruits
Analgesic type of drugs are that type of drug which are used in relieving pain of bones and skeletal muscles which include muscle spasm, muscles cramps etc.
Anti-pyretic type of drugs are used in lowering fever these type of drugs are mostly OTC (over-the-counter) means, these type of drugs are sold without prescription. Mechanism of these drugs override hypothalamus (part of brain, that control body temperature etc) to lower the production of prostaglandin.   
1.    Plant Momordica charantia Linn. Belongs to family Cucurbitaceae. It is known as bitter gourd in English and karela in Hindi. Earlier claims show that the plant is used in stomachic ailments as a carminative tonic; as an antipyretic and antidiabetic agent; and in rheumatoid arthritis and gout. The fruit has been claimed to contain charantin, steroidal saponin, momordium, carbohydrates, mineral matters, ascorbic acid, alkaloids, glucosides, etc. The ethanolic extract of the fruit showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, steroids, proteins, and carbohydrates. The present study was carried out using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail-immersion tests in mice, while yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The ethanolic extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg, po.) showed an analgesic and antipyretic effect, which was significantly higher than that in the control rats. The observed pharmacological activities provide the scientific basis to support traditional claims as well as explore some new and promising leads.1(abstract)
References
1.    Roshan Patel, Naveen Mahobia, Nitin Upwar, Naheed Waseem, Hetal Talaviya, Zalak Patel
(Shree Leuva Patel Trust Pharmacy
Mahila College, Amreli, Gujarat, India)




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